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CBC Olie

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Description

CBC OlieCBC olie kopen De interesse in cannabinoden gaat inmiddels verder dan alleen CBD en THC. Steeds meer mensen ontdekken CBC olie (cannabichromene) als onderdeel van een bredere, bewuste benadering van hennepproducten. CBC staat bekend om zijn zeldzame karakter en hoge zuiverheid, wat het tot een exclusief en verfijnd product maakt binnen het assortiment van Cannabisolie. com. CBC olie behoort tot onze meest gekozen producten en wordt gewaardeerd om de

CBC olie kopen

De interesse in cannabinoïden gaat inmiddels verder dan alleen CBD en THC. Steeds meer mensen ontdekken CBC olie (cannabichromene) als onderdeel van een bredere, bewuste benadering van hennepproducten. CBC staat bekend om zijn zeldzame karakter en hoge zuiverheid, wat het tot een exclusief en verfijnd product maakt binnen het assortiment van Cannabisolie.com.

CBC olie behoort tot onze meest gekozen producten en wordt gewaardeerd om de natuurlijke samenstelling en het complete plantprofiel. Door de beperkte natuurlijke aanwezigheid van CBC in de hennepplant is het winnen ervan complex en kostbaar. Dat maakt CBC olie tot een luxe cannabinoïde voor wie verdieping zoekt binnen het spectrum.

⚠️ Let op: Wij doen geen medische claims. Informatie op deze pagina is uitsluitend bedoeld om inzicht te geven in de samenstelling, herkomst en extractiemethoden van CBC producten. Raadpleeg bij gezondheidsvragen altijd een arts.

Wat is CBC?

CBC staat voor cannabichromene, een van de belangrijkste cannabinoïden die van nature voorkomt in industriële hennep (Cannabis sativa L.). CBC werd in 1966 voor het eerst geïdentificeerd door onderzoekers Raphael Mechoulam en Y. Gaoni, en wordt sindsdien onderzocht binnen verschillende wetenschappelijke disciplines.

In tegenstelling tot CBD komt CBC slechts in zeer kleine hoeveelheden voor in de plant. Juist dit maakt CBC zeldzaam en waardevol. De stof is niet psychoactief en veroorzaakt geen bedwelmend effect. CBC wordt vaak omschreven als mild van smaak, met een verfijnd en natuurlijk karakter.

Hoe wordt CBC olie gemaakt?

CBC olie wordt gemaakt door de hennepplant te extraheren met behulp van verschillende methoden, waaronder CO2-extractie. Na extractie wordt de resulterende concentratie CBC verfijnd en gezuiverd om onzuiverheden en onnodige hulpstoffen te verwijderen. Vervolgens wordt het verdund met een dragerolie van pure samenstelling zoals hennepzaadolie.

Tijdens het proces worden andere cannabinoïden en terpenen mogelijk behouden waarbij ook andere plantcomponenten behouden blijven, wat kenmerkend is voor full-spectrum producten. Ten slotte wordt de heel bijzonder cannabinoïd olie getest op kwaliteit en zuiverheid voordat deze wordt verpakt en verkocht.

Hoe werkt CBC? CBC en het endocannabinoïde systeem

CBC, voluit cannabichromene, is een van de vele natuurlijke verbindingen die voorkomen in de hennepplant. Binnen de wetenschap wordt CBC vaak genoemd in relatie tot het zogenaamde endocannabinoïde systeem (ECS) — een lichaamseigen netwerk van receptoren dat onderdeel uitmaakt van het lichaamseigen regulatiesysteem dat in de literatuur veel wordt besproken.

Hoewel er nog veel onderzoek wordt gedaan naar de rol van het ECS, wordt in de literatuur beschreven dat dit systeem een regulerende functie heeft in het lichaam, ook wel aangeduid als homeostase. CBC zelf bindt niet direct aan de meest bekende CB1- of CB2-receptoren, maar wordt in de literatuur besproken vanwege zijn unieke chemische structuur en interactie met andere natuurlijke stoffen in de hennepplant.

Bij Cannabisolie.com beschrijven wij CBC uitsluitend vanuit samenstelling en zuiverheid — niet vanuit werking. Onze CBC olie is gemaakt van zorgvuldig geselecteerde hennepplanten, met behoud van natuurlijke componenten zoals terpenen en flavonoïden. Dit resulteert in een rijk en complex productprofiel, gewaardeerd om zijn natuurlijke samenstelling en volledige spectrum aan plantcomponenten.

De informatie over het endocannabinoïde systeem is uitsluitend bedoeld ter algemene achtergrond. Er worden geen uitspraken gedaan over mogelijke gezondheidsvoordelen of effecten van CBC op het lichaam.

Het verschil tussen CBD en CBC

Zowel CBD (cannabidiol) als CBC (cannabichromene) behoren tot de belangrijkste cannabinoïden die van nature in de hennepplant voorkomen. Toch zijn ze op chemisch niveau verschillend en hebben ze elk hun eigen karakteristieke eigenschappen.

  • Structuur en oorsprong:
    Beide stoffen worden gevormd uit dezelfde voorloper, CBG (cannabigerol), maar ontwikkelen zich tijdens het groeiproces van de plant tot verschillende verbindingen. CBC komt meestal in kleinere hoeveelheden voor dan CBD, wat mede verklaart waarom CBC olie als een exclusiever product wordt beschouwd.
  • Samenstelling en profiel:
    CBD is de meest onderzochte cannabinoïde en staat bekend om zijn brede aanwezigheid in producten. CBC heeft een subtieler profiel, met een andere verhouding van terpenen en plantcomponenten. Daardoor wordt het vaak gewaardeerd door gebruikers die variatie willen binnen hun cannabinoïdenroutine.
  • Gebruik en beleving:
    CBD en CBC zijn beide niet-psychoactief en voldoen aan de wettelijke THC-normen. Het verschil zit vooral in de samenstelling en het zeldzame karakter van CBC. Waar CBD-olie gangbaar is in milde tot hoge concentraties, is CBC olie een verfijnde keuze voor wie de minder bekende cannabinoïden wil verkennen.

Bij Cannabisolie.com vind je zowel CBD als CBC oliën die zijn vervaardigd via CO₂-extractie, getest door onafhankelijke laboratoria, en voorzien van een Certificate of Analysis (COA). Zo weet je precies wat je gebruikt — met de nadruk op transparantie, zuiverheid en kwaliteit.

Wij doen geen uitspraken over mogelijke effecten of voordelen van CBD of CBC. De keuze tussen deze producten hangt volledig af van persoonlijke voorkeur en gewenste samenstelling. Zoek je CBC olie of andere CBD producten van superieur kwaliteit? Dan ben je bij Cannabisolie.com aan het juiste adres.

Hoe gebruik je CBC olie?

CBC olie kan op verschillende manieren worden gebruikt:

- Sublinguaal: enkele druppels onder de tong

- Oraal: mengen met voeding of drank

- Topisch: aanbrengen op de huid

De gekozen methode hangt af van persoonlijke voorkeur en routine.

België: oraal gebruik van CBC olie is wettelijk niet toegestaan. Topische toepassing is wel toegestaan. Controleer altijd de lokale wetgeving.

CBC dosering en opbouw

Een veelgebruikte richtlijn is:

- Start met 2 druppels, 3 keer per dag, bij voorkeur na de maaltijd

- Na 3 dagen kun je per innamemoment 1 druppel verhogen

- Maximale aanbevolen dosering: 27 druppels per dag

Bij elke bestelling ontvang je een duidelijke gebruiksaanwijzing.

Zijn er bijwerkingen en is CBC veilig?

Nee, bij CBC geldt hetzelfde als bij cannabisolie: bij normaal gebruik volgens de gebruiksaanwijzing van de CBC zijn bijwerkingen niet bekend. Mogelijke bijwerkingen als misselijkheid, een droge mond en slaperigheid kunnen pas optreden op bij zeer hoge inname.

Echter, ieder individu reageert anders op cannabidiol en sommige mensen kunnen gevoeliger zijn dan anderen. Heb je nog twijfels of vragen over het gebruik van CBC olie in het dagelijks leven, dan kun je ons altijd om een gratis consult vragen zodat een expert je te woord kan staan.

GRATIS CONSULT

Word je high van CBC en zit er THC in de olie?

Nee, CBC is niet psychoactief, dus het veroorzaakt geen high. Het is niet bedwelmend en zal je niet in een staat van euforie brengen. Bovendien veroorzaakt CBC geen rode ogen, wat vaak wordt geassocieerd met het gebruik van THC.

CBC wordt vaak geproduceerd uit hennepplanten met een laag THC-gehalte, waardoor het vrij is van psychoactieve effecten. Het productieproces zorgt ervoor dat THC bijna volledig wordt geëlimineerd, waardoor CBC te gebruiken is zonder het risico op bedwelmende effecten. Voor extra zekerheid kun je altijd het productlabel controleren op het THC-gehalte.

Kun je er verslaafd aan raken of op overdoseren?

Nee, CBC heeft geen verslavende kenmerken zoals THC. Het veroorzaakt geen fysieke afhankelijkheid en je zult er niet psychologisch verslaafd aan raken. CBC heeft een laag risico op misbruik en tolerantieopbouw. Het is belangrijk om CBC verantwoordelijk te gebruiken volgens de aanbevolen doseringen en adviezen.

Er is geen ernstige toxiciteit bekend bij gebruik volgens het etiket. Echter, het is belangrijk om de aanbevolen doseringen te volgen en niet meer te nemen dan nodig is. Overmatig gebruik kan mogelijk leiden tot ongewenste bijwerkingen zoals vermoeidheid. 

Is CBC legaal?

CBC is 100% legaal verkrijgbaar in Nederland. Inwoners van België dienen zich er echter van bewust te zijn dat het wettelijk niet is toegestaan om CBC olie in te nemen. Het gebruik ervan is beperkt tot topische toepassing.

CBC olie gebruiken in België

Volgens de Belgische wet is CBC olie innemen (oraal gebruik) verboden. Echter, het topisch gebruik van olie is wel toegestaan door deze te smeren. Woon je in België en wil je CBC oil kopen? Klik dan hieronder. We zullen je graag in detail informeren over de mogelijkheden die binnen de wettelijke kaders vallen.

GRATIS CONSULT

Waar smaakt CBC olie naar?

CBC olie heeft meestal een milde, aardse smaak met subtiele kruidige tonen. Sommige mensen beschrijven het als licht bitter, terwijl anderen het als nootachtig ervaren. Over het algemeen wordt de smaak van CBC olie als draaglijk beschouwd, vooral wanneer het wordt gemengd met voedsel of drankjes.

CBC olie houdbaarheid en bewaaradvies

De houdbaarheid vanaf de productie van onze Premium CBC olie is altijd anderhalf jaar. Bij andere fabrikanten kan het zijn dat ze een nog ruimere houdbaarheid aanhouden van 2 jaar, maar wij van Cannabisolie maken olie met 100% verse ingrediënten op een goede doorloop. 

Hoe lang je met 1 flesje van 10 ml CBC olie doet? Dat is afhankelijk van de dagelijkse dosering. Als je de aanbevolen startdosering van 3 tot 4 druppels, 3 keer per dag volgt, zal een flesje van 10 ml CBC olie meestal ongeveer een maand meegaan.

Het flesje CBC oil moet je donker en koel bewaren. Laat de olie daarnaast niet in direct zonlicht staan om te voorkomen dat de werkzame stoffen afgebroken worden. Een keukenkastje is de ideale plaats om je flesje te bewaren. 

Gratis Consult aanvragen

Mocht je nog meer vragen hebben, twijfel je aan bepaalde producten of wil je de beste CBD olie kopen, bel dan naar 040-2985095, kom langs in onze fysieke winkel of stuur een e-mail naar [email protected]. Voor persoonlijk advies bieden we ook gratis consulten aan. Hierin kun je jouw situatie bespreken, zodat wij je kunnen voorzien van passend advies. Vraag je gratis consult eenvoudig aan onderaan deze pagina.

“Bedankt voor je aandacht.”

⚠️ Disclaimer!

Wij distantiëren ons van elke mogelijke medische claim die gedaan wordt over cannabisolie, THC, CBD of andere vormen van oliën of producten die gerelateerd zijn aan cannabis of industriële hennep. De informatie over het gebruik van CBD of THC is alleen bedoeld om ieder mens een vrije keus te geven en deze informatie beschikbaar te stellen. 

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4.8 ★★★★★
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Tyler aldrich
Battle Creek, US
★★★★★ 4
An Invaluable Book
Format: Hardcover, Format: Hardcover
Game Engine Architecture" by Jason Gregory has proven to be a treasure trove of knowledge, especially in the realms of lower-level computer programming and the inner workings of CPUs. The first third of the book, which I have thoroughly enjoyed, dives deep into the intricacies of memory management and concurrent programming. Gregory’s explanations are so lucid and engaging that the complex concepts of memory orders such as relaxed, release, and acquire have become clear to me, showcasing their critical roles in programming. What is particularly remarkable is how the book's first 400 pages serve not just as a guide to game engine architecture, but also stand on their own as an excellent introduction to computer science. It's a testament to the author's skill in distilling complex material into digestible content that even those without a vested interest in game development would find immense value in. However, a caveat I must mention is the book's physical heft. Its size and bulk make it somewhat unwieldy, and I learned this the hard way when it fell from my desk. The impact caused the page binding to tear away from the hard cover, which was disappointing considering the book's cost. Nevertheless, with some craftiness involving thick drawing paper and glue, I managed to repair it. If the author adds any more information to the next edition, it'd probably be best to turn this into a 2-3 volume set to manage the size. Despite this setback, the book remains an invaluable resource. Its depth and clarity are unmatched, making it a worthy addition to any tech enthusiast's library. Just be sure to handle it with care.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 11, 2023
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ghostwriter
Phoenix, US
★★★★★ 5
Much thicker than I expected!
Format: Hardcover
This book is massive and could easily be split into two or three volumes, which is great because it covers a very deep topic. It will be a while before I read the book from cover to cover, but the few chapters I've skipped to were able to help me immediately on some problem areas in a game engine that I built last year. I would definitely recommend this to anyone interested in video game development.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 14, 2021
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Jessica Jarrett
Waukegan, US
★★★★★ 5
Kickstarts your knowledge of game dev
Format: Hardcover
This book hits on all cylinders, condensing decades of actionable knowledge about game development into a single source. There's a lot more to game dev than what's in this book, but this gives fantastic usable detail on many subjects and gets you oriented with and pointed in the right directions for the few it doesn't.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 1, 2021
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gloine36
Dallas, US
★★★★★ 5
One of my favorite books and the inspiration for my World Regional Geography courses that I teach.
Format: Hardcover
Two decades ago when I served in the Missouri National Guard we had an extended drill weekend at Ft. Leonard Wood for a live fire artillery exercise. This was a three day drill and I remember it clearly because it was the same weekend as Princess Diana’s funeral on September 6, 1997. I had been at the local library the day before we rolled out and saw an interesting book that promised to explain why western civilization had been the one to colonize the New World and rise to ascendency over much of the world for a long period of time. That had always been an interesting question for me and one which many people do not know the answer to. I checked out the book and during some downtime I began to read. To say that the book grabbed my attention is an understatement. I started it on Friday and finished it on Saturday. My whole conception of how history had seen the rise of Western Civilization was fundamentally altered and would never be the same. At the time I thought that using Guns, Germs, and Steel as an educational tool would be a great idea. My dream of teaching history had never been realized and in 1997 seemed like it would never happen. However, history is full of strange things and in 2009 I got the chance to return to college and pick up my degrees. I began teaching American History in 2013 and was then asked to teach World Regional Geography for the Spring 2014 semester. They handed me a textbook and said, “Good luck.” As I drove back home I considered how I would teach this course and my mind recalled Jared Diamond and his Pulitzer Prize winning book. To make the story short, I built a course that used the textbook, Diamond’s book, and the National Geographic series based on the book. Obviously I take what Diamond said in Guns, Germs, and Steel seriously. I think Diamond did some outstanding work in doing three decades of research and then writing a book which to me is resonates with readers. For many years the idea that Western Civilization was superior to any other form has been the dominant world view. Diamond rejects that completely by saying Western Civilization had advantages that others did not have due to geography, or literally where it was. When you stop and think about it, why were the Europeans so superior to others for so long? Was it their race, their ideals, or what? Diamond said it was because of where they started that they developed into the world spanning civilization we know. What advantages did the Europeans have over others? They arrived with technology superior to all others, were better organized, and had the lethal gift of germs which in the Americas killed over half the population and was the biggest reason as to why the Europeans took those lands over. When Diamond explored the germ theory he realized that these germs came from contact with domesticated mammals such as horses, cows, pigs, chickens, sheep, and goats. These same mammals were what enabled Europeans to transport materials as well as have a convenient food supply and a power source such as horses pulling plows. This idea works when you look at the Americas and Australia, but not when you look at Africa and Asia. The lethality of germs did not affect the people in those regions like it did the Americas. In fact, some of the diseases in Africa killed the Europeans and prevented them for exploiting Sub-Saharan Africa for centuries. Some of these germs are now known to have come from Asia as well along with domestic animals that came from there. Many of the larger mammals Europe had were also found in Asia. In fact, some of the technology such as gunpowder came from Asia as well. Diamond acknowledged this in his book and sought to explain why Europe was able to expand while Asia did not. This is something I really stress in my class and it is something which the book and National Geographic series does not explore as deeply as it should. Diamond saw a decision made in the 15th century by a Chinese emperor as being the decisive event that altered human history. At that point China was the leading power in the world. It had a great navy, the largest country, gunpowder, advanced technology and far more people thanks to its agricultural practices than any other nation at that time. The decision by emperors in China’s Ming dynasty led to China losing its technological advantage over Europe although no one had any idea that this was happening. These decisions or orders are called Haijin. Diamond did not explore this in any depth other than to point to it and say that China’s inward looking policies which had existed for centuries were the result of its location, its geography. Its singular form of government used Haijin to build up its power at the expense of expanding China’s culture and boundaries. There is a lot here to work with, but Diamond seems to casually bring it up in the book’s epilogue. Instead he focuses heavily on the Americas where his theory of environmental determinism is the strongest. I think he gets the theory right, but in the case of Asia he needed to go deeper. Since Diamond is an ornithologist by education, and his world journey’s focused on New Guinea, I think his point of view was heavily influenced through his contact with hunter-gatherers. His theory is at its weakest in Asia and specifically China. That again reflects his preference for focusing on one type of people versus another. This does not mean his theory is wrong. It just needs expansion and I do not think Diamond will be doing that any time soon. His recent works have dealt with different ideas. Even with this glaring problem, I think this book is outstanding. It does answer the question of why Western Civilization dominated the world for the most part. For my geography class it is a wonderful tool. I focus heavily on how man domesticated two grains from the Middle East, wheat and barley, and built Western Civilization upon them. Coupled with the domestication of large mammals, the forerunners of Western Civilization spread through Europe. Geography played a huge role in why it went west and why there are so many differences between East and West on a cultural level. It also explains why there are such huge differences between North Africa and the lands to the south of the Sahara. The role of geography in shaping mankind is without a doubt the single underlying reason as to why history occurred like it did. This is really hard for students to understand because they seem to have been taught a much different concept prior to taking a geography course. Only by explaining the human-environment interaction do students begin to realize that geography caused man to make decisions which would reverberate for millennia. The people of the Middle East followed the Tigris and Euphrates rivers northwest into Anatolia and out of the desert. Man’s movement west, north, and south with the crops and animals of the Middle East were shaped by geographical barriers. Diamond points out how man overcame these barriers over time. The civilization that was able to do so developed greater technologies than others. He points to both European and Chinese naval developments in this regard. China’s need to continue to build its naval forces was negligible due to a lack of naval enemies while in Europe those enemies were often themselves as nations competed for resources and trade. Since China controlled all of its trade which was mostly internal or land based, its need for a navy was reduced. Europe surged ahead while China languished. In my classes I point to the barriers as we explore the world’s regions. I show how these barriers played such big roles. We play a board game by Avalon Hill that helps to illustrate this as well. Diamond’s book plays a big role in my class and so do his theories. I find it really helps students take the principles and ideas from the first part of the class and begin to apply them to the world regions we study. They are able to make the mental leap to the realization that the people of the world are different for many reasons, the foremost being the place in which they live more than anything else. It helps them to break down and discard the erroneous belief which many of them have regarding their place in the world. Using Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel I am able to use Transformative Learning Theory to overcome the disorientating dilemma they find themselves in at the beginning of class. I could build a new class out of Diamond’s book that encompasses geography, history, and sociology if my school would let me. In fact, I could build two classes out of it. One would focus on why Western Civilization developed like it did and expanded to the Americas while the second one would focus on the development of Eastern Civilization and its failure to expand beyond Asia itself. While courses exist that dive into those ideas, they are built around history more than anything else. Few instructors use environmental determinism in explaining how early mankind developed in the places it did. The ultimate objectives of these courses would be why they developed like they did, not just their history. Diamond has written several other books such as Collapse, The Third Chimpanzee, and The World Until Yesterday. He is Professor of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles. He has been awarded all kinds of prizes and awards for his research and work in multiple fields. I find it interesting that he began to study environmental history in his fifties which led to this book and many others. This to me is proof that you are not bound by formal rules regarding your education, but rather by using your interests coupled with the research capabilities your education has provided you new careers beckon. This book is a testament to following one’s interests and using one’s intellect. I highly recommend it to all readers. It is one of my favorite books and I have read through it multiple times.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 5, 2015
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Verified Purchase
Tim F. Martin
Dallas, US
★★★★★ 5
Outstanding work of history, one of the best ever
_Guns, Germs, and Steel_ by Jared Diamond is one of the most informative, epic, well-written, and fascinating "macrohistory" books I have ever read. In this book, Diamond discussed the rise of complex human societies in the last 13,000 years, seeking to answer one fundamental question; why did some civilizations come to dominate others? Why did the Fertile Crescent and China for instance develop advanced societies with, as the title suggests, guns, germs, and steel, while other areas of the world, such as Polynesia, Australia, and the Americas, did not? Or in those cases where some civilizations were beginning to acquire such things, why did they get off to such a late start? Why did the Spanish conquer the Incans instead of vice versa? In a nutshell, he concluded that societies developed differently on different continents not because of racial differences in attitudes or intelligence, but because of differences in continental environments. Advanced technology, centralized political organizations, writing, and professional armies (or simply put the military advantage of simply having large numbers of people), etc. could only emerge in dense, sedentary populations capable of accumulating food surpluses. Unfortunately, domesticable wild plant and animal species needed for agriculture to arise were very unevenly distributed around the world, with the most valuable species concentrated in only nine small areas of the globe (Southwest Asia, China, Mesoamerica, the Andes and the adjacent Amazon basin, the eastern U.S., Africa's Sahel, West Africa, Ethiopia, and New Guinea), all of which became the earliest homelands of agriculture and thus regions that got a head start on developing guns, germs, and steel. Animals were vital to a society as a source of meat, milk products, fertilizer, transportation, leather, for military use, plow traction, and wool and those areas that lacked suitable animals to domesticate suffered accordingly in terms of societal development. The Late Pleistocene extinctions of large mammals in the Americas and Australia deprived humanity in those areas of potentially very valuable domesticable species. Of the big (over 100 pound) herbivores and omnivores, 148 potential candidates for domestication, they are mostly located in Eurasia (72 candidate species, versus 51 in Sub-Saharan Africa, 24 in the Americas, and 1 in Australia). Further, out of those candidates, only 14 were actually domesticated, 13 of them in Eurasia; what he called the "Major Five" - sheep, the goat, cow, pig, and horse, and the "Minor Nine" - the Arabian camel, Bactrian camel, donkey, reindeer, water buffalo, yak, Bali cattle, mithan (wild ancestor the gaur, found primarily in India and Burma), and the one American one, the llama and alpaca (two well-differentiated breeds of the same species). The other 134 potential candidates were eliminated due to problems with diet, growth rate, problems of captive breeding, nasty disposition, tendency to panic, and/or social structure, any one problem enough to preclude domestication even in modern times. Of further interest, Southwest Asia had seven of the wild ancestors naturally occurring, a huge advantage. In the world of plants there were similar disparities in distribution; of the 56 species of grass with the heaviest seeds, at least 10 times heavier than median species, Eurasia's Mediterranean zone had 32 of them, with barley and emmer wheat 3rd and 13th respectively in seed size. In contrast, of the 56 species, only 6 were found in East Asia, 4 in Sub-Saharan Africa, 11 in the Americas, and 2 in Australia. Another set of differences lead to a variation in societal evolution in the case of plant and animal domestications as well as in technological innovations and political institutions, as most societies acquire much more from other societies than they invent themselves (his discussion on the evolution of writing and in particular the alphabet in this regard was fascinating). Diffusion and migration within and between continents played a very important role in the development of a society, and in some continents diffusion and migration was considerably easier, most rapid in Eurasia because of its east-west major axis and its relatively modest ecological and geographical barriers. As crops and animals depended strongly on climate and hence on latitude, huge areas ranging almost from the Atlantic to the Pacific were open to the movement of domesticated plants and animals. Diffusion was slower in Africa and especially in the Americas due to those continents north-south major axes (traveling just a few hundred or a thousand miles north or south can render a society's crops and animals completely unsuitable for use) and much more pronounced geographic and ecological barriers (such as the Sahara Desert in Africa). Similarly, diffusion in the last 6,000 years has been easiest from Eurasia to sub-Saharan Africa, while long completely absent between Eurasia and the Americas (isolated at low latitudes by broad oceans and at high latitudes by geography and by a climate suitable just for hunter-gatherers). The last set of major factors he analyzed related to continental differences in area or total population size. A larger area or population meant more inventors, more competing societies, more innovations that exist to be adopted, and more pressure to adopt and retain those innovations, as those societies that fail to do so tend to be eliminated or absorbed by competing societies. Among the world's landmasses, area and the number of competing societies were greatest for Eurasia, while considerably smaller for Australia for instance. The Americas, despite their rather large total land area, were in effect fragmented by ecology and geography into a series of poorly connected smaller continents. Relating to both population size and the "Eurasians' long intimacy with domestic animals" was the development of germs. Crowd diseases could not sustain themselves in small bands of hunter-gatherers or slash-and-burn farmers, nor perhaps would they develop at all, as only human association with cattle gave us for instance measles (evolved from rinderpest) and smallpox (evolved from cowpox). Obviously I have just scratched the surface in my review. This is an excellent book that ties together findings in history, archaeology, paleontology, epidemiology, and linguistics in an extremely readable and informative format.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 15, 2005

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