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Description
Rat SOD2 ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipette and gun tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37 constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: 1. Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4 overnight, then centrifuge at 1000g for 20
Product Specification
| Usage |
Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipette and gun tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37℃ constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: 1. Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4℃ overnight, then centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. 2. Plasma: Collect the specimen using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge the specimen at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 2-8°C within 30 minutes of collection. The supernatant can be assayed or stored at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. 3. Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh the tissue and mince it. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1 g of tissue sample to 9 mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000 × g for 5-10 minutes, and the supernatant can be assayed. 4. Cell Lysis Buffer: Gently wash adherent cells with ice-cold PBS, then trypsinize and collect cells by centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes. Suspension cells can be collected directly by centrifugation. Wash collected cells three times with ice-cold PBS and resuspend in 150-200 μL of PBS per 1×10^6 cells (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS; if the cell count is very low, reduce the PBS volume appropriately). Disrupt the cells by repeated freeze-thaw cycles or sonication. Centrifuge the extract at 1500×g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C, and remove the supernatant for analysis. 5. Cell Culture Supernatant: Centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes. Remove the supernatant for analysis or store at -20°C or -80°C, avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 6. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Preparation of standard gradient working solution: Add 1mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 2000pg/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 2000pg/mL, 1000pg/mL, 500pg/mL, 250pg/mL, 125pg/mL, 62.5pg/mL, 31.25pg/mL, and 0pg/mL. Serial dilution method: Take seven EP tubes and add 500uL of universal diluent to each tube. Pipette 500uL of the 2000pg/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 1000pg/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube is used as a blank well; there is no need to pipette liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of biotinylated detection antibody working solution: Centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute 15 minutes before use. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10uL concentrate + 990uL universal diluent). Prepare and use immediately. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit utilizes a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with a superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial (SOD2) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB converts to blue under the catalysis of HRP and to yellow under the action of acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the level of superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial (SOD2) in the sample. The absorbance (OD value) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Rat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Rat Superoxide Dismutase 2, Mitochondrial ELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), also known as manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), is an enzyme encoded by the SOD2 gene on chromosome 6. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. This gene is a member of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. It encodes a mitochondrial protein that forms a homotetramer, with each subunit binding a single manganese ion. This protein binds to superoxide byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation and converts them to hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen. Mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (IDC), progeria, sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 31.2-2000 pg/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenate, cell lysate, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids |
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4.4 ★★★★★
Based on 20 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 1
Poor read
Format: Paperback
Not worth the hype. Was poorly written and had to put it down and not finish it.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on May 20, 2025
★★★★★ 4
Great story
Format: Paperback
I’m not an avid reader, but this was finished in a few days. Such a good book!
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Reviewed in the United States on June 14, 2025
★★★★★ 3
Won’t be buying book two.
Format: Paperback
Entertaining enough but poorly written. Lots of typos. Won’t be buying book two.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 8, 2025
★★★★★ 5
An Excellent Primer on Novel-Writing
Format: Paperback
WIRED FOR STORY
By Lisa Cron
Reviewed by C J Singh (Berkeley, California)
Excellent Primer on Novel-Writing
In Berkeley, California, we happily have access to four independent bookstores that display literary novels and creative-writing craft books. Browsing, I picked up two books by Lisa Cron on using "Brain Science" for writing fiction. The jacket quote by Caroline Leavitt rivetted my attention: "I'd never consider writing a novel without Lisa's input, and neither should you." As a longtime fan of Leavitt's novels "Is This Tomorrow," " Pictures of You, " "Girls in Trouble," I looked up Stanford Continuing Education where Leavitt regularly teaches online courses. As a Stanford Alumnus (Psychology PhD), I've taken several on-campus and online workshops on fiction-writing. While still at the bookstore, I promptly signed up for Leavitt's soon-to-begin course that uses two coaching books: Cron's Wired For Story and John Truby's The Anatomy of Story. I'm familiar with Truby's book and its nine excellent exercises. See my detailed review on amazon: https://www.amazon.com/review/R29NU7U6LAHGBV/
Here's my review of Lisa Cron's "Wired For Story"
"WIRED FOR STORY' presents a unique, distinguishing feature among fiction-writing primers: throughout its text, the author includes excerpts from the published works of leading contemporary brain-scientists that validate the principles of narrative craft.
Cron explains the principles of narrative craft in twelve well-organized chapters that focus on theme, the protagonist's issue, characters' bios, points of view, rising conflicts, subplots, suspense, reveals, and the arc from setup to payoff. At the beginning of each chapter, she presents sentences in italics that illuminate the cognitive-science underpinnings of narrative craft. Examples follow.
"Cognitive Secret: When the brain focuses its full attention on something, it filters out all unnecessary information.
Story Secret: To hold the brain's attention, everything in a story must be there on a need-to-know basis" (page 23).
.
"Cognitive Secret: Everything we do is goal directed and our biggest goal is figuring out everyone else's agenda, the better to figure out our own.
Story Secret: A protagonist without a clear goal has nothing to figure out and nowhere to go" (p 65)
.
"Cognitive Secret: It takes long-term, conscious effort to hone a skill before the brain assigns it to the cognitive unconscious.
"Story Secret: There's no writing; there's only rewriting" (p 219).
Also remarkable are sentences in bold that challenge advice offered in some writing-craft workshops and books. Examples follow.
"Myth: Write What You Know.
"Reality: Write What You Know EMOTIONALLY" (p 62).
.
"Myth: Sensory Details Bring a Story to Life."
"Reality: Unless They Convey Necessary Information, Sensory Details Clog a Story's Arteries" (p 118).
.
"Myth: `Show, Don't Tell' Is Literal - Don't Tell Me John Is Sad, Show Him Crying.
"Reality: `Show, Don't Tell Is Figurative - Don't Tell Me John Is Sad, Show Me WHY He's Sad" (p 152).
Has the author introduced a Myth of her own? I am afraid so. On page 57, "No matter whose point of view you're writing in, you may be in only one head per scene." In my opinion, the Reality is: No matter whose point of view you're writing in, you may be in only one head per PARAGRAPH. This is the new reality -- virtually every fiction-readers' perception has been reshaped by watching films and TV dramas that imply the camera engaged in frequent head-hopping in a scene.
At the end of each chapter, Cron presents a concise series of checkpoints to remind the readers while they develop their work-in-progress. Throughout, she includes many examples from literary works and films. Literary works like Gabriel Marquez's "Love in the Time of Cholera," Margaret Mitchell's "Gone with the Wind," and Caroline Leavitt's "Girls in Trouble." Films like "It's a Wonderful Life," "Vertigo," and "American Graffiti."
An inspiring citation for writers: " `Recent breakthroughs in neuroscience reveal that our brain is hardwired to respond to story.... It turns that a powerful story can have a hand in rewiring the reader's brain -- helping empathy, for instance - `which is why writers are, and always have been among the most powerful people in the world'. " (On p 239 of Endnotes is the specific citation of three scientists' 2009 article "On Being Moved by Art: How Reading Fiction Transforms the Self" in the Creativity Research Journal vol. 21, no.1 )
WIRED FOR STORY fully earns its title with its numerous citations of recent contributions of neuroscience that validate narrative craft. Examples of cited works included are: V. S. Ramachandran's "The Tell-Tale Brain: A Neuroscientist's Quest for What Makes Us Human"; Michael Gazzaniga's "Human: The Science Behind What Makes Your Brain Unique; and Steven Pinker's "How the Mind Works." These stellar books illuminate the nexus between art and science; their shining light reflects on Lisa Cron's book as a five-star primer for novel-writing.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 7, 2020
★★★★★ 5
Will reading Wired for Story really make you smarter?
Format: Paperback
In my 36th year as a would-be and penniless writer, I found myself exiled to a dark rough and tumble city in the Far West, guns blazing as a steely-eyed wordslinger for hire. But then one day I stumbled upon Lisa Cron's book Wired for Story.
The book's title had my curiosity. A few sample pages later grabbed my attention and has held it ever since. But the price wasn't right for a poor, humble English teacher living in China upon a Chinese salary. I had bills to pay, a mistress to please, and habits to feed. It seemed to me that Amazon.com was colluding with other dark powers to suck humanity dry; why else would they charge more for a digital book than its paper copy?
But then I heard ghostly voices, the cinematic intonations of Morpheus telling me to choose between the red and blue pill; Obiwan Kenobi, "Use the Force"; Nike commercials, "Just Do It!"; and other such shadows flickering upon the wall of my TV room. Even this very particular retail website seemed to whisper across all the vastness of cyberspace, reminding me of my destiny via a personalized showcase of products, that I was not just born to buy...
So I added it to my cart. About a download and two chapters later I found that I was still happy after the post-purchase buzz ran its course.
This book should be required reading for all writers - and anybody else seeking an inoculation against the raging pandemic of competing narratives spewed out from marketers, pundits, prophets, and others posing as guardians of the truth - most of whom seem to be more enraptured than enlightened.
For writers though, Wired for Story is quite different from other "how to" books, as Lisa Cron approaches the craft of storytelling from a neuroscientific point of view. She makes the case that writers aren't just entertainers: they are some of most powerful shakers and shapers of human perception.
So if storytellers are like snake oil salesmen, then what is the difference? Both seem to be highly skilled in crafting story, using imagery, and evoking emotions, memories, desires. The difference is all about marketing. Salesmen claim to have knowledge, skills, and expertise, that they, and they alone have whatever it takes to get the facts right and fix things. They market their brands cloaked in story, as if they have a monopoly on truth, or at least the can-do spirit and problem-solving experience needed to improve the economy, save the world, whatever. It doesn't matter that time and time again reality proves them wrong; they will always have another story to spin.
The difference between those who would use the power of story to express themselves versus those who would use it for personal gain is, perhaps, a fine red line marking the shadowy borders of between ethics and morality. Storytellers differ because they use words to hook audiences and manipulate a willing reader's central nervous system. They make no claims to knowledge or expertise.
Indeed, fiction writers will be first to emphasize their work is fictional, and not based on any real life events or people. Their best writing leaves readers thinking, questioning, minds opening, empathizing, expanding their worldviews, the list goes on almost ad infinitum. Storytellers speak for themselves and let audiences think for themselves; pundits speak for others and tell audiences what to think.
What's more, the art and craft of story, as well as the talent and hard time in solitary confinement required for their honing, is estimated to take an average storyteller at least 1,000,000 words or 10,000 hours - not including all the reading, language arts development, and life experience necessary to get to a point one needs to seriously embark on such a ludicrous and un-economical vocation.
This means that fiction writers who risk everything for dubious prospects of financial reward must have something else driving them - and a good day job. A presidential candidate though, who has genuinely done the time, and crafts speeches with the skill of a poet or bard, should hypothetically have the critical thinking background, moral authority, and empathy to be a great leader. But in the final analysis, actions contradict words; their ability to spin tales proves the old universal theme that the pen is mightier than the sword.
Now when I finish Wired for Story sometime this week, I will be one step further on this endless quest to actually sell stories for a living (i.e. stories fit for the fiction aisle of an actual bookstore, not a review for an online retailer). Until then, I'm probably just a hypocrite acting as if a single book alone makes a smarter man, when in fact I know little of anything (which is why I became a writer in the first place) -- or maintaining such a humble pretense. But I don't know myself well enough to be certain. That kind of exploration would be a whole other story - but it would be unsafe to say that I lived happily ever after reading this book.
The End
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Reviewed in the United States on October 11, 2012
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