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Mohammed & Charlemagne Revisited: The History of a ControversyDuring the 1920s Belgian historian Henri Pirenne came to an astonishing conclusion: the ancient classical civilization, which Rome had established throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world, was not destroyed by the Barbarians who invaded the western provinces in the fifth century, it was destroyed by the Arabs, whose conquest of the Middle East and North Africa terminated Roman civilization in those regions and cut off Europe from any further
During the 1920s Belgian historian Henri Pirenne came to an astonishing conclusion: the ancient classical civilization, which Rome had established throughout Europe and the Mediterranean world, was not destroyed by the Barbarians who invaded the western provinces in the fifth century, it was destroyed by the Arabs, whose conquest of the Middle East and North Africa terminated Roman civilization in those regions and cut off Europe from any further trading and cultural contact with the East. According to Pirenne, it was only in the mid-seventh century that the characteristic features of classical life disappeared from Europe, after which time the continent began to develop its own distinctive and somewhat primitive medieval culture. Pirenne's findings, published posthumously in his Mohammed et Charlemagne (1937), were even then highly controversial, for by the late nineteenth century many historians were moving towards a quite different conclusion: namely that the Arabs were actually a civilizing force who rekindled the light of classical learning in Europe after it had been extinguished by the Goths, Vandals and Huns in the fifth century. And because Pirenne went so diametrically against the grain of this thinking, the reception of his new thesis tended to be hostile. Paper after paper published during the 1940s and '50s strove to refute him. The most definitive rebuttal however appeared in the early 1980s. This was Mohammed, Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe, by English archaeologists Richard Hodges and David Whitehouse. These, in common with Pirenne's earlier critics, argued that classical civilization was already dead in Europe by the time of the Arab conquests, and that the Arabs arrived on the scene as civilizers rather than destroyers. Hodges and Whitehouse claimed that the latest findings of archaeology fully supported this view, and their work was highly influential. So influential indeed that over the next three decades Pirenne and his thesis was progressively sidelined, so that recent years have seen the publication of dozens of titles in the English language alone which fail even to mention his name. In Mohammed and Charlemagne Revisited historian Emmet Scott reviews the evidence put forward by Hodges and Whitehouse, as well as the more recent findings of archaeology, and comes to a rather different conclusion. For him, the evidence shows that classical civilization was not dead in Europe at the start of the seventh century, but was actually experiencing something of a revival. Populations and towns were beginning to grow again for the first time since this second century - a development apparently attributable largely to the spread of Christianity. In addition, the real centres of classical civilization, in the Middle East, were experiencing an unprecedented Golden Age at the time, with cities larger and more prosperous than ever before. Excavation has shown that these were destroyed thoroughly and completely by the Arab conquests, with many never again reoccupied. And it was precisely then, says Scott, that Europe's classical culture also disappeared, with the abandonment of the undefended lowland villas and farms of the Roman period and a retreat to fortified hilltop settlements; the first medieval castles. For Scott, archaeology demonstrated that the Arabs did indeed blockade the Mediterranean through piracy and slave-raiding, precisely as Pirenne had claimed, and he argues that the disappearance of papyrus from Europe was an infallible proof of this. Whatever classical learning survived after this time, says Scott, was due almost entirely to the efforts of Christian monks. The Pirenne thesis has taken on a new significance in the post 9/11 world. Scott's take on the theory will certainly ignite further and perhaps heated debate.Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: World Encounter Institute/New English Review
Published: 01/15/2012
ISBN: 9780578094182
Pages: 272
Weight: 0.89lbs
Size: 9.00h x 6.00w x 0.61d
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4.3 ★★★★★
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★★★★★ 5
Great book
Format: Paperback
Great book. Very helpful and practical.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 24, 2020
★★★★★ 1
Not a Users Guide
Format: Paperback
Although many readers may find this book useful, it describes a particular approach to Powerpoint. It is not anything like a comprehensive users guide.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 31, 2020
★★★★★ 2
Just linear
Format: Paperback
I appreciate that it helps to organize the chaos of information, but I just used the template verbatim with my manager and it did not go very well. He said this linear approach does not work anymore with high-level corporate audiences. They want to cut right to the chase and start to dig into the deep details. This layout with simple images, even if you just pull away the map and anchor slides, makes the storytelling too much like a story, not giving enough credit to the speed at which certain audiences can and do process data on a slide. It was an interesting exercise and I still think this linear layout works in some cases. Just not if you are trying to communicate business case or other C-suite type of information.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 4, 2021
★★★★★ 5
Malware Analysys Expert Guide for 2025!!!
Format: Paperback
I would like to highly recommend an Expert-Level Deep Dive into the world of malware research. Managed by 'The Three Musketeers' of the industry, this resource transforms you into a 'Dardanian Fighter' against the most sophisticated vector attacks on the planet. this the gate to the heaven
trainsec.net
Special thanks and recommendation to Uriel Kosayev for his masterpiece: MAOS - Malware Analysis on Steroids.
This book is a surgical deep dive into the Malware Developer Mindset. It focuses on complex strategies, combinations, and patterns exposed for the first time with full PoCs and screenshots.
Prepare your magnifying glass and start researching how real-world criminal groups operate. This is how you stay ahead of the curve and keep yourself and your organization safe. Don't just analyze – understand the mindset.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 24, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Great start to it
Format: Kindle
Just getting started with it but I can tell it’s going to be outstanding! Diving in next week!
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Reviewed in the United States on September 20, 2025
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